Comparative Politics Essays - Politics Of Macau, Government Of Macau

Similar Politics Essays - Politics Of Macau, Government Of Macau Similar Politics Similar Politics, commonly characterized as the investigation of the inner legislative issues of countries other than our own, is an assorted and complex field. There is nobody focal propensity or approach which overwhelms this region of request inside political theory: different hypotheses, ideas, issues and techniques are apparent in the field. While it is perceived that no straightforward arrangement can be made of the writing, we are energized to know about differentiating approaches, and to participate in valuably basic ,considering the field. For the motivations behind investigation, there should initially be general commonality with the history and development of the field. This would contain information on the work and thoughts of a portion of the significant scholars who have molded relative governmental issues. Moving starting here I will achieve an auxiliary correlation between two administrative frameworks that are India and Macau .Both nations have their own one of a kind sorts of legislative structures , legal executive and parliaments which truly got my profound enthusiasm to find out about these 2 nations , and to apply near technique between the two governments.with exceptional references to the topographical , auxiliary , political authoritative and legal contrasts . Geological PERSPECTIVE INDIA The home of Taj Mahal , one of the seven present day miracles of the world, India is the second most crowded nation on the planet and the seventh biggest areawise. India is home to bunches of religions also, is common ordinarily. Here is some strict data . The banks of the Ganges stream, considered as one of the sacred waterways by the Hindus, is lined by strict towns like Hardwar, Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh . The Bhagwad Gita is one of the most broadly read Hindu strict writings. At the point when anybody considers India, it is difficult to avoid considering the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi , who has motivated numerous individuals like Martin Luther King Jr. by his peaceful position in achieving autonomy for India. Here is another picture of one of the best legislators . India achieved autonomy on August 15, 1947 from the British (a day after Pakistan's part from the Indian Union). The Indian banner is a tricoloured one (saffron, white and green) with an ashoka chakra (24 spokes speaking to the 24 hours of the day). This banner is a twisted one with a composition of Mera Bharat M! ahan . MACAU Contrasted with India Macau is just a little area situated in south-east China, on the western edge of the delta shaped by the Pearl River Delta (Zhu Jiang) and the West River (Xi Jiang), flanking the Chinese area of Guangdong. It is 70 kms (38 miles) from Hong Kong and 145 kms from Canton. Neighborhood time is eight hours in front of Greenwich mean time. Macau covers an all out territory of 20.96 square kilometers which incorporates the Macau landmass and the islands of Taipa and Coloane. Macau is associated with terrain China by a limited isthmus. Two extensions, the 'Ponte Nobre de Carvalho' (2,600 meters in length) and the 'Ponte da Amizade' (4,380 meters), initiated separately in 1974 and 1994, associate the island of Taipa to the promontory. The island of Coloane is reached from Taipa by method of a two kilometer-long isthmus, the privilege side of which is presently a broad land dike. The absolute territory of the enclave has been dynamically developed through land recovery along all waterfronts. For! model, in 1840, the Macau promontory was, at 2.78 square kilometers, 2.5 occasions littler than it is today. In physical terms, it is multiple times littler than Hong Kong, multiple times littler than Singapore and multiple times littler than Portugal. Toward the finish of 1995, Macau's occupant populace totalled 425,000, commonly littler than that of the India's . POLITICAL SYSTEM INDIA India, an association of states, is a Sovereign, Secular, Democratic Republic with a Parliamentary arrangement of Government. The Indian Polity is administered as far as the Constitution, which was embraced by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into power on 26 November 1950. The President is the protected head of Executive of the Union. Genuine official force vests in a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as head. Article 74(1) of the Constitution gives that there will be a Council

Current Marketing Trends of Adidas Essay

Theoretical Adidas is among the famous maker, vendor and the retailer of best games items. Adidas is a brand which isn't just popular around the globe in light of its elegant and trendy games items yet additionally for a few soccer groups, players and competitions. Previously, the organization utilizes just conventional methods of promoting and was fruitful. These days, the changing condition of advance innovations powers the association to improve their showcasing techniques. The utilization of cell phones and advanced media advertising patterns are the better open door for the Adidas to develop their piece of the overall industry by catching their objective market effectively and to create increasingly successful promoting techniques. Web is likewise an extraordinary alternative for Adidas to advance its items around the world. This isn't just present day method of promoting yet in addition practical. Presentation and Marketing Trends Adidas is among the prestigious maker, vendor and the retailer of best games items. Adidas is a brand which isn't just well known far and wide due to its popular and upscale games items yet additionally for a few soccer groups, players and competitions. Before, the organization utilizes just customary methods of publicizing and was fruitful. These days, the changing condition of advance innovations powers the association to improve their advertising systems. Versatile advances are getting exceptionally regular among the individuals around the globe. Imaginative advances and the Digital media are introducing improved methods for Adidas to get simple access to their objective market. So as to contend in innovative and progressively serious condition in which Adidas needs to confront severe rivalry from its adversaries like Nike, the organization must move from customary sources to versatile and computerized media advertising so as to satisfy the need of clients and to adapt up to future utilization patterns. The showcasing patterns are changing step by step. The utilization of cell phones and advanced media promoting patterns are the better open door for the Adidas to augment their piece of the pie by catching their objective market effectively and to deliver progressively powerful advertising methodologies. SWOT Analysis Qualities Worldwide occurrence in excess of 200 nations Broad product offering Concentrated on mechanical turn of events and execution improvement Sponsorship to various overall backings occasions like streetball, soccer, football and tennis and so on Solid brand picture and notoriety in items identified with sports execution Huge piece of the overall industry in US and European games markets Shortcomings Absence of advancement and promoting plans when contrasted with its significant rivals like Nike Absence of appropriate client care in certain territories Restricted spending plan for limited time and commercial plans Incapable to reacts rapidly to changing design condition Openings Ready to expand its universal market through internet business and retail outlets Piece of the overall industry can be improved through effective promotion plans Use of advance innovation can help Adidas to arrive at purchasers successfully and all the more rapidly Chance to promote and enter new items in Europe before acquiring US advertise Dangers Quantities of contenders are expanding ceaselessly Contenders are attempting to overwhelm piece of the pie of Adidas High hazard is related if organization shifts from customary showcasing techniques to the computerized promoting efforts Overall money related emergency Marking, Brand Identity, USP, Target Market and Customer Expectations Brands are made to pass on a compound message quickly to its proposed clients. Brands can pass on the message genuinely and have the capacity to get customer’s consideration. As indicated by the American Marketing Association â€Å"Brand is a term, image, invent and the extraordinary qualities of an item which separate the items and administrations of one provider from the items and administrations of another supplier†. As indicated by the Kotler (2003) â€Å"Brand is a sign, name, image, term, plan or the blend of all these and is expected to perceive the items and administrations of one provider or the gathering of providers with the items and administrations of another provider of the gathering of suppliers†. Adidas is keeping up its image on three grounds which are target advertise, sports items and its retail locations. The organization consistently battle hard to keep up flawlessness in its items, recognized quality and the accomplishment of huge piece of the overall industry. So as to give paramount experience of sports items Adidas recruited prepared businesses to convey the extraordinary client experience. Adidas accepts that one of a kind and inventive structure of its games items, improved condition of its retail outlets and upgraded client assistance retentive causes the organization to increase positive brand picture (Kotler and Armstrong, 2004). Brand Identity Individuals are pondered that how Adidas oversee their activities to build up ground-breaking brand character. The significant explanation of this achievement is the peculiarity and the straightforwardness of Adidas which makes it among the most eminent brand logos around the globe. Adidas made this progress by consistently depict its logo with the assistance of its various sponsorships, promotion crusades big name supports and various games. It is significant for any business to set up solid brand character since it keep up and upgrade ROI (Return on Investment). Solid brand personality drives the association towards better business openings and by keeping up and upgrading solid brand character Adidas is equipped to attempt into athletic gear and sports clothing. Adidas increment its objective market with the assistance of co-marking its image character by some other famous brand names at the hour of entering in a business venture with Stella McCartney so as to plan and produce sports garments for ladies named by â€Å"Adidas by Stella McCartney†. Novel components of brand help the business to achieve improved brand recognition and the steady delineation of solid brand character causes the Adidas to become among the most attractive brands of the world that has been developed from a shoes business into a principle sports brand business around the globe ((Kotler and Armstrong, 2004). Special Selling Point Each business needs to separate itself from its rivals accessible in the objective market. USP (Unique Selling Point/Proposition) is the genuine article that’s encourages your business to separate itself from its rivals and is the thing which is considered as extraordinary and unique. Adidas through â€Å"Impossible is Nothing† helping its objective market to effectively accomplish their games objectives. Adidas nearness in excess of 200 nations with its retail outlets gives simple access to sports items. In each of the 200 nations these retail outlets are situated close to its objective market. Clients can without much of a stretch go to store and can purchase their preferred result without any problem. Target Market and Customer Expectations Adidas favored objective market is guys and females of ages between 12 to 24 years of age. In spite of the fact that it has clients from all the ages as it’s simple and agreeable footwear’s are enjoyed and utilized among the individuals having a place with all ages. Its clients are trendy. The shoppers of Adidas items anticipate from the brand to be moderate and hold predominant quality. Individuals want to purchase a brand which is commonly energetic, cool, worthy and urban. Clients want for various alternatives of collaboration and customization. Hues and extraordinary styles are essential components of Adidas brand picture which loads of clients are looking for and the clients needs long haul and positive connection with the brand. Showcasing Mix Item Adidas presented a wide scope of mechanically current and greatest games items particularly footwear to its clients. The significant explanation for this is to fulfill sports groups and the victor competitors who trust just on Adidas and thinks about that it causes them to accomplish unrivaled execution while playing. The significant advantages of sports items are that it fulfills customer’s needs and requests. So as to endure effectively in the serious market Adidas consistently attempt to oblige customer’s needs and needs at need premise. Thus, for sports array this brand has learned itself as most driving supplier. The organization is battling hard to keep up its image picture and brand faithfulness through consistent improvement and up degree of one of a kind highlights of its items (Czinkota et. al., 1997). Cost Adidas consistently attempt to keep up its interesting style of presenting and conveying imaginative, highest caliber and up-to-date sports items by charging best and monetary evaluating to its clients. In start, Adidas procures its image perspective on being costly by offering significant expenses for its games items yet now Adidas is holding reasonable and economical value procedures for its games items. Through its practical estimating techniques, Adidas is turning out to be less expensive and more requested when contrasted with its rivals. This encourages the organization to acquire piece of the overall industry. For certain items Adidas use the market skimming methodology for instance for T-macintosh shoes Adidas charge significant expense for white shading than different shades of comparative item form (Kotler, 2003). Spot The start of an agreeable shopping is if the item is accessible at the correct spot. In the first place, Adidas centered its focus to a solitary nation just however now it has its occurrence in excess of 200 nations around the globe. In these nations Adidas is disseminating its games item in its retail outlets. The earth of these retail locations is motivating, intelligent and easy to shop. This is the uniqueness of Adidas that the entirety of its retail outlets are situated, best case scenario puts and are effectively accessibly for its objective market. Adidas likewise gives web based shopping office to its clients.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for August 5th, 2019

Book Riot’s Deals of the Day for August 5th, 2019 Sponsored by The Poisoned Rose by Dan Judson. With over 250,000 reads, this Amazon bestseller is $0.99 for a limited time! These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while they’re hot! Todays  Featured Deals Bluebird, Bluebird by Attica Locke for $2.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. A Peoples History of the United States by Howard Zinn for $2.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. The Hangmans Daughter by  Oliver Pötzsch for $1.99.  Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals In the Woods by Tana French for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. The Shadow of the Wind by Carlos Ruiz Zafón and translated by Lucia Graves for $1.99. Get it here, or just click on the cover image below. Previous Daily Deals That Are Still Active As Of This Writing (Get em While Theyre hot!): The Wedding Date by Jasmine Guillory for $1.99. The Murders of Molly Southbourne by Tade Thompson for $3.99. Mind Platter by Najwa Zebian for $1.99. An Untamed State by Roxane Gay for $2.99 The Calculating Stars by Mary Robinette Kowal for $2.99 Girl, Interrupted by Susanna Kaysen for $2.99 Drop the Ball: Achieving More by Doing Less by Tiffany Dufu for $2.99 The Hunger by Alma Katsu for $1.99 Black Boy by Richard Wright for $1.99 Temper by Nicky Drayden for $1.99 Girls of Paper and Fire by Natasha Ngan for $2.99 Feel Free by Zadie Smith for $3.99 The Cutting Season by Attica Locke for $1.99. New Suns: Original Speculative Fiction by People of Color Edited By Nisi Shawl for $0.99. Mapping the Interior by Stephen Graham Jones for $3.99 The Casquette Girls by Alys Arden for $0.99 The Bees by Laline Paull for $1.99 The Unexpected Inheritance of Inspector Chopra  by Vaseem Khan for $2.99 Grace and Fury  by Tracy Banghart for $2.99 Shuri (2018 #1)  by Nnedi Okorafor for $1.99 The Only Harmless Great Thing by Brooke Bolander for $1.99 Sing, Unburied, Sing by Jesmyn Ward for $2.99 Rosewater by Tade Thompson for $2.99 Family Trust  by Kathy Wang for $1.99 The Black Gods Drums by P. Djèlí Clark for $1.99 Gods, Monsters, and the Lucky Peach by Kelly Robson for $1.99 My Soul to Keep by Tananarive Due for $0.99 All Systems Red: The Murderbot Diaries by Martha Wells for $3.99 Jade City by Fonda Lee for $2.99 Here to Stay by Sara Farizan  for $1.99 A Big Ship at the Edge of the Universe by Alex White  for $2.99 Silver in the Wood by Emily Tesh for $3.99 A Curious Beginning  by Deanna Raybourn  for $2.99 Storm Front  by Jim Butcher (Book One of the Dresden Files)  for $2.99 Guapa  by Saleem Haddad for $1.99 Hogwarts: an Incomplete and Unreliable Guide  by J.K. Rowling  for $2.99 Short Stories from Hogwarts  by J.K. Rowling  for $2.99 The Paper Magician by Charlie N. Holmberg for $1.99 The Girl with the Red Balloon by Katherine Locke  for $1.99 The Invisible Library by Genevieve Cogman for $0.99 Half-Resurrection Blues by Daniel José Older for $2.99 Cant Escape Love by Alyssa Cole for $1.99 Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman for $0.99. The Haunting of Tram Car 015 by P. Djèlí Clark for $3.99 A Quiet Life in the Country by T E Kinsey for $3.99 Empire of Sand by Tasha Suri for $4.99 Life and Death in Shanghai by Nien Cheng for $4.99 Binti  by Nnedi Okorafor for $1.99 Binti: Home  by Nnedi Okorafor for $2.99 Binti: The Night Masquerade by Nnedi Okorafor for $3.99 Instant Pot ®  Obsession: The Ultimate Electric Pressure Cooker Cookbook for Cooking Everything Fast by Janet A. Zimmerman for $2.99 Tell the Truth Shame the Devil by Lezley McSpadden with Lyah Beth LeFlore for $0.99 Magic Bites by Ilona Andrews for $2.99 Once Ghosted, Twice Shy by Alyssa Cole for  $1.99 Whatever Happened to Interracial Love? by Kathleen Collins for $3.99 In Search of Lost Time: Volumes 1-7  by Marcel Proust  for $0.99 Prime Meridian  by Silvia Moreno-Garcia for $3.99 The Mirror Empire by Kameron Hurley for $2.99 I Met a Traveller in an Antique Land  by Connie Willis for $0.99 Soy Sauce for Beginners by Kirstin Chen for $3.99 Silver Phoenix by Cindy Pon for $2.99 A Curious Beginning by Deanna Raybourn for $2.99 George by Alex Gino for $3.99 Destinys Captive by Beverly Jenkins for $1.99 A Rogue By Any Other Name by Sarah MacLean for $1.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

The Impact Of British Military On The War On Iraq

Tom: Australian forces had quite a lot of involvement in the war in Iraq. They were involved primarily in three operations; Operation Bastille, Operation Slipper, and Operation Falconer. Operation Bastille consisted of Australian pre-deployed forces that went over to the middle east with other coalition forces to get used to the climate. They left on the 23rd of January 2003 and by ANZAC day 2003 0ver 2000 ADF personnel were in the middle East from Operation Slipper and Bastille.The ADF contributed greatly towards Bastille with About 250 airmen and women and support crews deployed with the squadron of F/A-18 Hornet aircraft, About 150 personnel deployed with the three C130 Hercules aircraft. An Air Forward Command Element of about 70 personnel. Approximately 350 sailors and soldiers embarked on HMAS Kanimbla. A Special Forces Task Group of about 500 personnel and an Australian National Headquarters of approximately 60 personnel. 14 FA/18 fighter jets, and a number of other aircraft, navy ships and army vehicles were sent over with the troops. Army.gov.au says Operation slipper was â€Å"Australia s military contribution to the International Security Assistance Force mission in Afghanistan and the International Coalition against Terrorism mission across Afghanistan and the Middle East, that began in October 2001.† It was set up by the coalition to combat terrorism, especially in the Middle East. It is the broadest of operations set up by the coalition and is stillShow MoreRelatedA Brief History of Iraq737 Words   |  3 PagesIraq borders Turkey to the North and Iran to the East. 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The speech was entitled â€Å"to the People of Kirkuk ProvinceRead MoreA Line Of The Sand Essay1711 Words   |  7 Pagesbook, it talks about two men, one visionary British politician and the other a veteran French diplomat; Mark Sykes and Francois Georges-Picot. They both secretly drew a line from the Mediterranean to the Persian Frontier. Britain and France would divide and rule 5 countries which are Palestine, Iraq, Transjordan, Lebanon a d Syria. It made the two powers uneasy neighbors for the next 30 years. In this essay I will be talking about how the Franco-British rivalry over the Middle East shaped the developmentRead MoreThe Impact Of Technology On The Way War1703 Words   |  7 PagesJames Moore Mr. Brown Academy English 9 Honors 18 March 2015 After every battle of every war, troops are getting stronger, faster, and more accurate. Generals are getting smarter and creating more tactics and coming up with more battle strategies, but during all of this, the most drastic change is in the technology. Things are now becoming more computerized every day and it is very noticeable. Nowadays, everywhere you look no matter where at, a person with a smartphone, tablet, or computer willRead MoreReasons For The Country Of Iraq1505 Words   |  7 Pages This essay is going to cover the country of Iraq. Due to my experience with three deployments to this country, I have found its history very interesting. I will share knowledge and facts about the Country, culture and military. This country has an astounded religious and cultural history documented. I believe Iraq was once self sufficient because of its Dictator however a great threat to the world. Sometimes I am very puzzled how we successfully invaded the country and c hanged theirRead MorePost Invasion Of Iraq And The Elements Of Disaster1340 Words   |  6 PagesIraq a nation in the early 20th century had been fatigued by more than four centuries of deliberate Ottoman neglect and marginalization. The end of the Ottoman Empire brought about a colonial presence in the Middle East by the allied powers of Britain and France. The Sykes-Picot agreement divided Arab lands between the British and the French, however, between 1918 and 1920 Iraqi nationalism revolted against the British. The revolt against the British imperial presence prompted a formation of citizenshipRead MoreBackground Information On The Sykes Picot Agreement1298 Words   |  6 PagesBackground Information on the Sykes-Picot Agreement After the war broke out in the summer of 1914, the Allies—Britain, France and Russia—held many discussions regarding the future of the Ottoman Empire, now fighting on the side of Germany and the Central Powers, and its vast expanse of territory in the Middle East, Arabia and southern-central Europe. In March 1915, Britain signed a secret agreement with Russia, whose designs on the empire’s territory had led the Turks to join forces with GermanyRead MorePreventive Measures in the Armed Forces to Combat Suicide1190 Words   |  5 Pagesnew suicide awareness and education program among U.S. Army troops. The execution methods for the Armys plan are still in the offing as the suicide rates vary in number up and down from month to month (Gannin, 2012). Since the beginning of the Iraq War in year 2003, the suicide rates among Army soldiers has skyrocketed. This was according to a new study from the U.S. Army Public Health Command. This study was based upon an analysis of data from the Army Behavioral Health Integrated Data EnvironmentRead MoreHomosexuals Should Be Allowed to Serve Openly in the Military1185 Words   |  5 PagesAndrew Keating Homosexuals Should Serve Openly in the Military According to the International Herald Tribune, at least 58 Arab linguists were kicked out of the U.S. military (U.S. military continues to discharge gay Arab linguists, and Congress members seek hearing, Par. 1). One might ask why, during this time of combating Islamic terrorist networks and insurgents in Iraq, would the military get rid of people with such valuable talents? The answer is simple: these men and women are homosexualRead MoreThe United States Invasion Of Iraq1683 Words   |  7 PagesStates military was moving into Iraq, the American economy was taking the first assault of a long and expensive fight. Victory was declared several years ago, and many are content to leave the story at that point. Advocates of the war have hailed its expediency and relatively minimal cost to the United States and its allies. The facts support a different conclusion. The truth lies in the economical devastation that the war in Iraq has left in its wake. The only accurate summation of th e war is to

Comparing Suppression of Women in Feminine Mystique,...

Suppression of Women through Isolation in The Feminine Mystique,nbsp;Radicalesbians, and Triflesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; It is far easier to break the spirit of one human being than that of a united group of people.nbsp;Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique, Radicalesbians, and Susan Glaspell’s Trifles come to the same conclusion: isolation and separation caused women to be vulnerable to domination by male society. Social stigmatization by men, an inability to describe the situation, and a lack of personal identity kept women apart from one another. A fear of social stigma was one factor that kept women from supporting each other. In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan discusses how American housewives went about†¦show more content†¦Stigma attached to the word lesbian also kept women apart from one another. Radicalesbians describes the label lesbian as the debunking/scare term that keeps women from forming any primary attachments, groups, or associations among ourselves. The women’s movement was hurt by the labeling by some in the media as a lesbian movement. Ironically, lesbians often felt underrepresented in the movement while heterosexual women were afraid of being labeled lesbians. Radicalesbians confronts this issue by arguing that women are being dominated by men as long as the label ‘dyke’ can be used to frighten a woman into a less militant stand, keep her separate from her sisters, keep her from giving primacy to anything other than men and family. An inability to communicate and a lack of a feeling of sisterhood kept women from communing with one another. In Susan Glaspell’s play Trifles, Mrs. Hale told Mrs. Peters that women live close together and we live far apart. We all go through the same things – it’s all just a different kind of the same thing. Mrs. Hale didn’t know how to communicate with the oppressed Mrs. Wright so she simply stayed away from her until it was too late. In The Feminine Mystique, Betty Friedan also talks about the issue of communication. The housewives that Friedan wrote about had to develop a vocabulary to discuss the problem that had no name before they were able to come together. Until women realized that the personal is

Unemployment, and Challenges in Saudi Arabia Free Essays

Unemployment, and challenges in Saudi Arabia Is it not strange to hear of the unemployment problem from the largest oil exporter in the world? The problem of unemployment in Saudi Arabia began to appear at the beginning of the last century. In 1975, â€Å"Saudization† was launched as a way of replacing expatriate with Saudi workers for localization jobs, but after 37 years of unemployment is still one of the important topics of concern to citizen. The causes of the problem are education system, labor system, companies and foreign workers. We will write a custom essay sample on Unemployment, and Challenges in Saudi Arabia or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first cause of the unemployment problem in Saudi Arabia is education system. In fact, the education system is failing to equip young Saudis with the right skills and young Saudis are not studying the subjects the society needs. For example, about 80% of our college students graduate in history, geography, Arabic literature and Islamic studies and the remainder is for graduating in science, engineering or from the medical schools, which is not covered by labor market needs of these disciplines required. Indeed, there is mismatch between the number of graduates from public and higher education institutions and the needs of the labor market. That is one major reason for unemployment, but it is not the only one. The second cause is labor system; it is very old and needs to be modified to cope with modern developments. It also has many gaps and it is very easy to exploit. For example, one of Saudization program tools, is to increase the proportion of Saudis workers by 5% per year, but after more than 37 in the program, some companies still have rates less than 10%. In addition, some companies recorded Saudis worker names as a placebo to increase the percentage of Saudization. In short, labor systems contributed significantly to the worsening unemployment problem in Saudi Arabia, which has become the most important causes. The third cause is foreign workers. The foreign workers are cheaper and more qualified than Saudis worker, because of that many local companies and foreign investors do not want to hire Saudis. For example, many companies prefer foreign workers because of its low cost, work longer hours, and do not to ask some of the rights labor. In addition, the percentage of foreign workers in Saudi Arabia was about 31% of the total population of 27 million in 2010, and $ 29 billion were sent outside of Saudi Arabia that same year. Therefore, Saudi Arabia is dependent on foreign workers as a labor force because they will work cheaper and do work Saudis do not want to do much like the Mexican in the U. S. In conclusion, unemployment of Saudi youth is increasing. Many companies and foreign investors do not want to hire Saudis. Local companies and government departments can cater to only so many. Foreign workers convert billions of dollars annually. The causes of the problem are education system, labor system, and foreign workers. Lastly, in Saudi Arabia we are faced with issues of foreign workers that seem never ending. How to cite Unemployment, and Challenges in Saudi Arabia, Papers

Corporate Law Commonwealth Numbered Acts

Question: Discuss about theCorporate Lawfor Commonwealth Numbered Acts. Answer: Introduction Before discussing this case it is necessary that we discuss the concept of separate legal entity, and its other aspects also. Section 1.5.1 of the Corporation Acct 2001 states the concept of separate legal entity. According to this section company has separate legal existence which is different from its owners, shareholder, employees and agents. Company can own its property, rights and obligations. All the assets and liabilities of company are belonged to company only, and used for the purpose of company only ( , n.d.; Clayton UTZ, 2014). The principle of separate legal entity has exception that is piercing of corporate veil. The concept of piercing of corporate veil states that court can pierce the veil of the company and held the shareholders accountable for the actions of the company, if actually those actions are of shareholders (Ramsay, Noakes, 2001). Separate legal entity is the most important characteristic of the company, but in many cases it is necessary for the court that they lift the veil of the company and find the frauds which are committed by the owners of the company behind the veil of the company. This action is necessary because the control of the company is usually in the hands of the directors, and directors of the company commit many frauds in the name of the company (Anderson, 2009). We can understand this exception with the help of the case law Salomon vs. Salomon. This case was landmark for the principle separate legal entity, and this case also states the exception rule for this principle. In this case, Mr. Salomon transferred his business of shoe making into accompany, which was formerly run as sole proprietorship. This company consist the Salomon himself and his family members as members of the company. In this company Salomon hold shares and debentures with floating charge. Later on, company went into liquidation, and Salomon recovers his money prior to the unsecured creditors. Liquidator file application in the court on behalf of unsecured creditors, and court found that Salomon is the agent of the company and held him personally liable for the debts of the company (Law teacher, n.d.). In the present case, Bob Beech is a scallop fisherman, and worked as commercial Scallop in the coastal water of Jervis Bay of New South Wales. In the coastal water of Jervis Bay, stock of scallops is limited, and government made legislation for the protection of Scallop for the purpose of regeneration. According to this legislation a person can catch only 50 scallops in a calendar year. Act also provides that it is offence to sell the cached scallops in any other market other than Scallop marketing authority. Each offence carries affine up to $100,000. Bob wants to earn more money, and he has physical capability to catch more than 50 scallops in a calendar year. Therefore, her daughter suggest that he can incorporate accompany and catches more fishes. Her daughter Alice tells that company has separate legal entity, and Bob can catch more fishes in the name of the company. From the above discussion we can state that Alice was not correct, because there is an exception to the principal of separate legal entity that is piercing of corporate veil. In this case also court can lift the corporate veil and found that Bob is catching more fishes in the name of the company. Court can impose penalty of $100, 000 on the Bob for the commitment of this offence. Answer 2: Section 588V of Corporation Act 2001 defines when holding company is liable for the acts of subsidiary (Commonwealth Numbered Acts, n.d.). Liability of holding company for the acts of its subsidiary company is regulated on the basis of two important aspects that is limited liability and separate legal entity. There are some liabilities which shareholders owned towards the company. Court analyzes the liabilities of shareholders in the case Salomon v Salomon. Separate legal entity principle is the most important principle which states that company has distinct personality from its members. Salomon v Salomon case laid down a rule which states that even if only one individual holds maximum shares of the company and remaining shares are hold by other members on trust of him, then in such case also company cannot considered as shadow of that individual. Judgment of Salomon case was followed by court in many other cases such as Adams v Cape Industries Plc [4]. In this case court h eld that subsidiary companies are creation of their parent companies, and subsidiary company was also treated as separate legal entity and enjoy all the rights and obligations which are given to separate legal entities (Law Teacher, n.d.). According to Gilbert Tobin, a parent company can be considered as shadow director of the subsidiary company, if it controls the board and management of the subsidiary company. In other words if parent company holds the board of its subsidiary company, and subsidiary company is acting on the instructions of parent company then parent company will be considered as shadow director of its subsidiary company, and held liable for the acts of its subsidiary (Gilbert Tobin, 2014). Many issues are raised which state that subsidiary companies are just puppets of their holding companies, and holding companies take shield behind the veil of subsidiaries. Courts pierce the veil and held the actual culprit out mainly in three circumstances which are when the directors of the company does not fulfill the duty they owned towards the company, when the company is closely held and behave in the way which is not acceptable, and when company commit any tort. In these situations it is not justified that court keeps the veil, because directors of holding company are effectively control the management of subsidiary company. Therefore, directors of holding company must be held liable for the actions of subsidiary company (Anderson, 2009). In this case, Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd is a subsidiary company of New Nirvana Ltd, and New Nirvana Ltd is hold by the members of hard rock band. A concert was held in Sydney, and Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd negligently set the sounds level too high because of which five members from audience are become permanently deaf. Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd has no proper insurance policy for such members, and company is not able to pay claims to the members. In this case it is clear that Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd is a subsidiary company of New Nirvana Ltd, and we assume that New Nirvana Ltd efficiently holds the management of the Nuclear Blast Sounds Pty Ltd. Therefore, it is justified that members can file claim against the holding company that is Nirvana Ltd. Answer 3: Companies that are operated in Australia and govern their business in Australia need to frame internal management rules which assist the relationship between the company and its members and officers. Internal management of companies is governed by the provision of the corporation act 2001 which are also known as replaceable rules, constitution, or by the combination of both. Constitution is generally a contract between the member, director and its officers. Whereas, replaceable rules are mentioned in the Corporation Act 2001, and they are just basic rules which are helps in govern the companys management. If companies opt not to have constitution they can use replaceable rules (ASIC, n.d.). Constitution of the company is a contract between the company and its shareholders, and it has binding effect on the company and its shareholders as any other contract has. Shareholders who agreed to adopt the constitution are bind with the contract. Like other contracts constitution binds only that parties who sign the constitution. Section 140 of the Corporation Act 2001 states the effect of constitution and replaceable rules. According to this section constitution of the company and any replaceable rules that govern the company is a special form of contract between the company and its members, directors and officers. It is also a contract between the members of the company. In this contract every person is bind to follow the constitution and rules which apply to that person (Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, n.d.). This method is different for creation of contract, but this contract is formed by mutual agreement of the parties who want to legally enforce this agreement. Usually, in some cases this agreement is executed between the parties even before the registration of the company. There is one important difference between the contract and constitution that is constitution can be changed by passing special resolution in a meeting (Ferguson, 2013). Court will consider the matter and looking the nature of the breach in case of constitution of the company. All the similar consequences which are occurred in case of breach of contract are also applied to the constitution of the company, but this matter is treated differently by court because this is a form of special contract. In this case, Simon, Michael and Don Set up a project management company called Millennium Pty Ltd. Constitution of the company states that Don is the solicitor of the company, and constitution also states that any disputes arising between the company and members of the company shall be first referred to arbitrate before any court proceedings. After few years Simon and Michael found anew solicitor who work better than the Don, and they appoint him as a solicitor of the company. Don initiates legal action against the company. In this case there is a provision in the companys constitution that Don is the solicitor of the company, and Simon and Michael cannot change the solicitor without making necessary changes in the constitution of company by passing special resolution in the company. As above mentioned necessary aspects are considered by the court, and all the consequences of breach of contract are also applied in this case. Don can initiate legal action against the company, but before it is necessary that he refer the matter to the arbitrator, because there is one more provision that all the matters are first referred to the arbitrator and then referred to the court. Therefore, it is necessary that Don first referred the matter to the arbitrator and then to the court. References: Commonwealth Numbered Acts. Corporations act2001 - SECT 1.5.1. Retrieved on 20th October 2016 from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/num_act/ca2001172/s1.5.1.html. Clayton UTZ, (2014). Doing Business in Australia: Business structures. Retrieved on 20th October 2016 from: https://www.claytonutz.com/knowledge/2014/july/doing-business-in-australia-business-structures. Ramsay, M. I. Noakes B. D. (2001). Piercing the Corporate Veil in Australia. pg- 250-271. Retrieved on 20th October 2016 from: https://law.unimelb.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/1710089/122-Piercing_the_Corporate_Veil1.pdf. Anderson, H. (2009). Piercing the veil on corporate groups in Australia: the case for reform. Retrieved on 20th October 2016 from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MelbULawRw/2009/13.html. Law Teacher, Salomon V A Salomon And Co Ltd [1897] AC 22 Case Summary. Retrieved on 20th October 2016 from: https://www.lawteacher.net/cases/company-law/salomon-v-salomon.php. Commonwealth Numbered Acts. Corporations act 2001 - SECT 46. Retrieved on 20th October 2016 from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s588v.html. Law Teacher, Liability Of Parent Over Subsidiary Company Actions. Retrieved on 20th October 2016 from: https://www.lawteacher.net/free-law-essays/business-law/liability-of-parent-over-subsidiary-company-actions-business-law-essay.php. Tobin, G. (2014). Wholly-owned subsidiaries: same same but different. Retrieved on 20th October 2016 from: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=90cc6c72-de1a-4ba7-91d0-7cd7a798c5ed. Anderson, H. (2009). Piercing the veil on Corporate Groups in Australia: The Case for reform. Retrieved on 20th October 2016 from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/journals/MelbULawRw/2009/13.html. ASIC. Constitution and replaceable rules. Retrieved on 20th October 2016 from: https://asic.gov.au/for-business/starting-a-company/constitution-and-replaceable-rules/. Commonwealth Numbered Acts. Corporations act 2001 - SECT 140. Retrieved on 20th October 2016 from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/s140.html. Ferguson, D. (2013). Australia: The Statutory Contract. Retrieved on 20th October 2016 from: https://www.mondaq.com/australia/x/221404/Contract+Law/The+Statutory+Contract.

An American Tragedy vs A Place in the Sun Essay Example

An American Tragedy vs A Place in the Sun Essay Example An American Tragedy vs A Place in the Sun Paper An American Tragedy vs A Place in the Sun Paper Often, movie adaptations of novels will have many variances. These inconsistencies can change major themes in the story. Such differences appear between Theodore Dressers An American Tragedy and its film adaptation, A Place in the Sun. The films title has a light-hearted and paradisiacal implication, in contrast to the novels title, which suggests hopelessness and suffering. These titles mirror the overall thematic difference in the two versions. The novel blatantly exposes the reality of American society to illustrate how the American dream is an illusion, whereas the film focuses on the consequences that result from foolishness. In An American Tragedy, Cycles downfall is caused by tragic flaws deeply ingrained in American Society. Dresser includes characters from every spectrum of social class and exposes their faults. Both Hornets Briggs and Sandra Finley feign interest in Clyde for their own benefit. Hornets is a lower class Kansas City girl who manipulates Clyde in search of material possessions. Sandra, a wealthy and beautiful woman, shows interest in Clyde to irritate Gilbert Griffith. Dresser introduces many other characters with this same self-centered attitude, such as Orville Mason, the district attorney. It looks to be the biggest and most important case in all my term in office, and if we can only clean it up satisfactorily and quickly, before things break here this fall, it made do us all some good, eh? (532). Orville does not see Cycles case as a fight for Justice, but an easy win for his political standing. Dresser includes these details to highlight the harsh intentions and motivations of Americans. This consistency in motive emphasizes the theme that Americans have a toxic obsession with personal gain that drives many individuals, regardless of class. Clyde is manipulated and his mind is irrupted by people trying to achieve what they think is the American dream, when in reality there is no such thing. Clyde becomes obsessed with being on top both economically and socially, driving him to commit the murder that ultimately leads to his death. In A Place in the Sun, George (Clyde) is led to committing murder not by his obsession with obtaining the American dream, but by his infatuation with Angela (Sandra). The movie focuses less on society and more on the individual. Georges intention to murder Alice (Roberta) to be with Angela exposes his own selfishness, UT his actions are Justified by love. The film skips the first part of the novel, which expands on why Clyde desires to achieve the American Dream. Because of this omission, the theme of the story is changed. Instead of being pulled to the top by greed, the film suggests that George is motivated by love. Georges foolishness in dealing with his two relationships results in Lices accidental drowning. This presents the theme that love can lead to good as well as evil. George is not corrupted by society, (as in the novel), but wrapped up in a situation caused by his own, individual folly. The title of the film suggests this same theme. George is introduced to this place in the sun of luxury, wealth and beautiful women, but his mistakes lead him in another direction. The differing themes between the novel and the film are the novels idea of the tragedy of American society and the films focus on individual mistakes. Dresser portrays characters as greedy and manipulative, while the film portrays them as foolishly in love. The reasons behind this inconsistency may more light-hearted because its purpose is more to entertain, while the novel may be meant to be intellectually profound.

Allelic Drift - Definition

Genetic Drift / Allelic Drift - Definition Definition: Genetic drift is defined as the changing of the number of available alleles in a population by chance events. Also called allelic drift, this phenomenon is usually due to a very small gene pool or population size. Unlike natural selection, it is a random, chance event that causes genetic drift and it depends solely on statistical chance instead of desirable traits being passed down to offspring. Unless the population size increases through more immigration, the number of available alleles gets smaller with every generation. Genetic drift happens by chance and can make an allele disappear completely from a gene pool, even if it was a desirable trait that should have been passed down to offspring. The random sampling style of genetic drift shrinks the gene pool and therefore alters the frequency the alleles are found in the population. Some alleles are completely lost within a generation due to genetic drift. This random change in the gene pool can affect the speed of evolution of a species. Instead of taking several generations to see a change in allele frequency, genetic drift can cause the same affect within a single generation or two. The smaller the population size, the greater the chance of genetic drift occurring. Larger populations tend to function through natural selection much more than genetic drift due to the sheer number of alleles that are available for natural selection to work on as compared to smaller populations. The Hardy-Weinberg equation cannot be used on small populations where genetic drift is the main contributor to diversity of alleles. Bottleneck Effect One specific cause of genetic drift is the bottleneck effect, or population bottleneck. The bottleneck effect occurs when a larger population shrinks significantly in size in a short amount of time. Usually, this decrease in population size is generally due to a random environmental affect like a natural disaster or spread of disease. This rapid loss of alleles makes the gene pool much smaller and some alleles are completely eliminated from the population. Out of necessity, populations that have experienced population bottleneck increase the instances of inbreeding to build the numbers back up to an acceptable level. However, inbreeding does not increase diversity or numbers of possible alleles and instead just increases the numbers of the same types of alleles. Inbreeding can also increase the chances of random mutations within DNA. While this may increase the number of alleles available to be passed down to offspring, many times these mutations express undesirable traits such as disease or reduced mental capacity. Founders Effect Another cause of genetic drift is called founders effect. The root cause of founders effect is also due to an unusually small population. However, instead of a chance environmental effect reducing the numbers of available breeding individuals, the founders effect is seen in populations who have chosen to stay small and do not allow breeding outside of that population. Often, these populations are specific religious sects or offshoots of a particular religion. The mate choice is significantly reduced and is mandated to be someone within the same population. Without immigration or gene flow, the number of alleles is limited to only that population and often the undesirable traits become the most frequently passed down alleles. Â   Examples: An example of founders effect happened in a certain population of Amish people in Pennsylvania. Since two of the founding members were carriers for Ellis van Creveld Syndrome, the disease was seen much more often in that colony of Amish people than the general population of the United States. After several generations of isolation and inbreeding within the Amish colony, the majority of the population became either carriers or suffered from Ellis van Creveld Syndrome.

International Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

International Finance - Essay Example This keeps the revenues of the company intact and also caps the amount of its currency outflows. In the event of any adverse movement in the foreign currency receivables, the company can exercise the forwards or the options. If a company having dollar receivables is afraid of strengthening the domestic currency against dollar then by taking the desired position in dollar futures the company can keep the value of its receivables intact. All these financial instruments have their own set of merits and limitations. In the following paragraphs, these instruments have been discussed with various examples that will give an idea about their usefulness. A forward contract on a foreign currency eliminates the risks related to exchange rate fluctuations. In this case the parties entering the contract agree to exchange a specified amount of currency at a future date at a pre-determined exchange rate (Redhead, 2008, pp.730; Von Pfeil, 1988, pp.127). Suppose A Ltd, a British company got $1 million receivable after 3 months. The company is afraid of British pounds appreciating against dollar as this will lower the value of its receivables. To hedge its position the company can enter into a forward contract that will entitle it to sell the receivables after three months at an agreed upon rate irrespective of the rate prevailing in the market. Suppose the spot rate is GBP 0.60/$. In three months time the company expects that the value of pounds will strengthen against dollar due to which the rate will fall to GBP 0.55/$. A Ltd can enter into a 3 month forward contract of GBP 0.62/$ which will freeze the exchange rate of the company. Now suppose after three months the spot rate is GBP 0.56/$, the company will then be able to sell the dollar receivable at GBP 0.62/$. As evident from the above calculations, the amount realized if the position is hedged through forward contract is GBP 620000, whereas the amount realized if the position is

The Sudanese Girl, photographed by Kevin Carter Essay

The Sudanese Girl, photographed by Kevin Carter - Essay Example There is more meaning to what is seen in the photography, much more than someone who was so close to the girl could take. At the time the photograph was taken, Sudan had been in the midst of a civil war that have led to prolonged famine that afflicted a wide range of the population necessitating international organizations like the United Nations to distribute aid in the form of food and other relief supplies. The strength of the rhetorical analysis comes in terms of requiring validating references from diverse secondary sources to confirm the credibility not only of the incidents crucial for the photograph, but also the story surrounding famine infested Sudan and Carter’s ultimate demise. The Sudanese Girl, photographed by Kevin Carter A young naked body cramped on the earth, with very thin limbs, and rib cage protruding. Face touching the earth from the forehead. The viewer could not even decipher the gender. Despite the face hidden, the gender could have been surmised due to the single white accessory around the neck. Most disturbing was the vulture intently eyeing a potential meal, not even three meters away. Everything else seemed to be oblivious of the scene. Aside from the green trees that set the background, all that viewers see is the disturbing reality of hunger, famine, eminent death. The meaning that the picture aims to relay is more than eliciting pity, empathy, fear – it generated diverse reactions and criticisms that created another tragic story for the photographer who was tagged as "The man adjusting his lens to take just the right frame of her suffering," said The Sudanese Girl, photographed by Kevin Carter Source: Toledo, 2010 the St. Petersburg (Florida) Times, "might just as well be a pre dator, another vulture on the scene† (Macleod, 1994, 5). The story of Kevin Carter was thereby featured in Time, published on September 12, 1994 entitled â€Å"The Life and Death of Kevin Carter† (Time, 1994) which proffered the kind of life the photographer led and the tendencies for drug addiction and susceptibility to suicide. Having previously attempted to take his life after losing his job, Macleod revealed Carter espousing a troubled personality exemplifying a rollercoaster prelude aggravated by the habit of taking marijuana and the ‘white-pipe’: â€Å"a mixture of dagga and Mandrax, a banned tranquilizer containing methaqualone† (Macleod, 1994, 3). Another opportunity to rationalize the tragic suicide of a recently acclaimed photographer, seeking to justify the outcome of his behavior, by fitting pieces of a puzzle, leaving the readers to conclude. The image ability to appeal to ethos is deemed eminent in its solicitation of diverse reactions focusing the plight of the victims of Sudan’s civil war and famine. The immediate fame it generated by winning a Pulitzer Prize was actually magnified by the event of the photographer’s death. According to Christensen (2010), â€Å"it is true that Kevin Carter won a Pulitzer Prize for his famous photograph. It is also true that Carter left the scene after taking the photograph without helping the child. However, it is too simplistic to suggest that he committed suicide as a direct result of his experience with this child as implied in the message. It is also unfair to judge his actions without having some understanding of the man's state of mine along with the terrible conditions in Sudan at the time the photograph was taken† (par. 2). The statement supports the appeal of the ethos perspective in reaching

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN INDIA CONSTRUCTION SECTOR †OVERVIEW

CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY IN INDIA CONSTRUCTION SECTOR – OVERVIEW The development in  Indian construction industry  feature is almost equal to the construction industry development in other countries. It is founded by the government and gradually it was taken over by the enterprises. After self-government requirement for industrial and infrastructural developments in India, they established the stone of construction, architectural and engineering services. The stage from 1950 to mid 60s witness the government in concert an energetic role in the expansion of these forces and most of construction performance during this period were carried out by state owned enterprises  and supported by government departments. The Indian construction industry is an essential part of the economy and a direct for a considerable part of its development involvement and is positioned for growth on account of urbanization, industrialization and profitable expansion and peoples rising potential for better quality of living (Indo Italian Chamber of Commerce and Industry, 2008). IMPORTANCE OF CONSTRUCTION: Construction is an important part of any countrys infrastructure and industrial growth. Construction industry, by means of its diffident and forward linkage with various additional industries like cement, steel bricks catalyses service generation in the country (Indian Construction Industry, 2008). Construction can be classified into 3 segments such as 1) Infrastructure 2) Industrial 3) Real Estate FINANCIAL BACKGROUND OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: In India, construction is the second main economic activity after agriculture. Construction financial records for nearly 65 % of the total investment in infrastructure and is probable to be the main recipient of the surge in infrastructure venture over the next five years. Investment in construction accounts for nearly 11 per cent of Indias Gross Domestic Product (GDP). à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬239.68 billion is likely to be invested in the infrastructure sector over the next five to ten years in power, roads, bridges, city infrastructure, ports, airports, telecommunications, which would provide a huge enhancement to the construction industry as a whole. Investment for residential, non residential and civil engineering construction as follows in given table: invst in conc indus Table 1.1 Investment in Construction Industry (Swarup and Mahajan, 2001) Investment into this division could go up to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬93.36 billion by FY2010. With such confident prospects in communications, associated industries. For the first time cement is one of the consumptive associated industries is set to exceed the 150-million tone mark. Considering the demand for the commodity, capacity utilization rose to over 100 per cent to touch 102 per cent in January 2007 with dispatches touching 14.10 million tones as against the production of 14 million tones. As opportunity in the sector continues to come to the forefront, foreign direct investment has been moving upwards. The real estate and construction sectors conventional FDI of à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬216.53 million in the first half of the current fiscal year (Swarup and Mahajan, 2001). DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRIES IN INDIA: This industrial construction includes the building, renovating, preservation, repair, and destruction of industrial buildings such as (Compliance Information Portal, 2008): crematoriums chemical plants medical waste disposal primary manufacturing oil and gas facilities pulp and paper mills golf courses INDUSTRY SEGMENTS: REAL ESTATE Residential, it covers housing and Development Industrial, it includes Industrial Parks, Factories, Plants Corporate, it includes Office and research Centers Commercial includes retail, shopping malls, Showrooms ,Hotels INFRASTRUCTURE: Indias blooming communications sector is fuelling demand for all kinds of construction equipment. Earlier than the opportunity of the Indian economy, and the entry of worldwide majors, a great deal of infrastructure development and construction in the real estate sector was done manually. But with the infrastructure and construction sectors undergo spectacular changes with 60-storeyed sky-scrapers being built in cities like Mumbai, and thousands of kilometers of expressway and highways being laid across the subcontinent for builders and contractors are acquiring complicated equipment to execute the multi-million-dollar projects. For the construction equipment division, which has adapted rapidly to the distorted situation, this is really good news, as it pave the way for an exciting future. Roads Railways Urban infrastructure (improved housing, water supply and sanitation, schools, universities, health and security, etc.) Ports Airports Power CONSTUCTION INDUSTRY FOR ROAD AND RAIL NETWORK: Mainly countrys economic growth and trade are based on transport.No production can take place unless and until such as raw materials, labor, and fuel can be moved to and from different locations. Without roads, rail, water, and air transport, manufactured products cannot be delivered to consumers. Mainly road transport because it is very cheaper in all of these transport (World Bank Group, 2010). IMPORTANCE OF ROAD TRANSPORT IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: India is the second largest road network in the world for road of 3.3 m km. Almost one billion people living in rural areas in rising countries do not have right to use to reliable roads. These roads are important to ensure that farmers get agricultural inputs in time and can get their harvested products to market with minimal cost, disruption, and loss. After 35 years the global population will grow to 2.5 billion. India is a developing country. So most of this expansion will be in urban areas. The number of cities more than one million population will reach to 358 by 2015. This development, coupled with ongoing globalization and trade liberalization, will increase exact for the transport of people and goods (World Bank Group, 2010). The World Bank has delivered $36 billion in lending for the transport sector since 2000. In 2009, lending reached a peak of $6.5 billion, amounting to over 13 percent of the World Banks commitments for the year. The volume of lending anticipated for 2010 is strong and this growth in investment is expected to continue in subsequent years. TRENDS AND ISSUES:   Facilitate for economic growth and regional integration through national and international trade. And make the cities with better work for citizens not only for environment and also it develops economy growth. Change economic opportunity and growth in rural areas. Make available admission to health and education facilities. FEATURES OF CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: In this industry mainly we face difficulties with temporary structures and these are compounded by the detail structure that compared to most other industries, the construction industry is single in many ways, as follows It is a large but diverse and split industry Every job is exclusive with numerous and Complex tasks It is labour concentrated work involving many materials and heavy loads The work force is transient which is difficult to train, when mainly if there are more labours. typical temp structures Fig 1.1 Typical Temporary Structures (Krishnamurthy, 2010) IMPORTANCE OF SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: Due to the following concerns, Safety is very important aspect in all types of industry Humanitarian concerns. Economic concerns. Professional, institutional, and social concerns. Legal and regulatory concerns. CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY MOVING TOWARDS CONSOLIDATION This industry is shifting towards a stage where large companies are well clear. LT,Lapee etc are the big companies undertaken the major engineering and construction projects like power plants, construction of dams etc. this leads for huge demand between so many limited companies (Scribd, 2008). The cost of real estate in the urban India is very important which will need companies to have more resources so as to require new lands and develop them. The big companies can live and will be few in numbers with well clear territories of procedure. The demand in metro cities is completely inelastic with certain well distinct competition will make huge boom for operating companies. The industry is affecting towards consolidation the increase urbanization which leads the local players also have a great chance to serve the huge demands of people. CHANGE MANAGEMENT: Change management is something relates to a process of controlling the changes that happens to the infrastructure or any kind of services, in a controlled way, facilitating changes with minimum distraction (Office of the City Auditor, 2010). Change is unavoidable and has become routine in life. Planning, applying and managing change in a dynamic environment is most common situation in which present organizations work. Change generally engrosses three features as represented diagrammatically below (JISC Infonet, 2009). Change management has become a complex problem for most public sector organizations which are going to be affected by the daily ongoing changes due to the new requirements almost every day. Change needs managers to take right strategic decisions without which may lead to consume more time, money and reliability of the involved stakeholders (Capacity Building Programme, 2007). The change management system should make out all the variations from the specifications and drawings of the contract and should also present a method for the technical support and project approval. The recommended change should be implemented in a proper manner as excessive change may result in more cost and difficulty (The Construction Users Roundtable, 2004). Kotter recommended an 8 step process where organizations can avoid failure and become expert at change (Kotter International, 2010). Performing by necessity Developing the Directing alliance Establishing a change vision Conversing the Vision Buy-in Allowing Broad based action Creating short term wins Not to give up Formulate Change stick CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW The literature review will commence by explaining how the construction industry in India has undergone changes in the recent past and how it managed change. According to Paton et al. (2008) The management of change is a complex, dynamic and challenging process rather than a set of recipes and is never a choice between technological, organizational or people-oriented solutions, but involves combinations for best fit; integrated strategies designed to produce results. This chapter will also highlights the concepts of change management, different approaches and technologies that aid change processes in any organisation. Change has to be managed in any organisation and managers play a major role in change management as the most observed barrier to successful organisation is the lack of change management. Hiatt and Creasey (2003) quoted the importance of managing change in a broader sense as: Things did not go exactly as planned and the unexpected happened, so managing the people side of change impacted their success and introduced risk into their projects. 2.1 TYPOLOGIES OF CHANGE: According to Luecke (2003), organisations generally face the challenges from new competitors, new technologies, and new markets for higher performance to come up with the obstacles and improve business performance. The changes fall into the following types. Structural Change: During this type of change, senior management tries to rearrange the functional parts to attain better performance. Cost Cutting: These mainly focus on the eradication of unimportant activities for compressing operations costs. Process Change: These focus on changing how things can be done in a different way to make the process effective, faster and more reliable. Cultural Change: These focus mainly on the relationship between employees and the senior management. 2.1.2 CHANGE MANAGEMENT: Baca (2005) viewed that, change is unavoidable and change may either seen as a good or a bad sign for any project. According to him, change management can be defined as the proactive identification and management of modifications to your project. Managing change engages managing four difficult tasks which of these have to be completed efficiently to accomplish successful output and the four tasks are welcoming change, organizing support, performing change and constructing change potential (Nilakant and Ramnarayan, 2006). Fig: Change Management Model (Adapted from Nilakant and Ramnarayan, 2006) 2.1.3 APPROACHES TO CHANGE MANAGEMENT: Relationship maintenance strategies are significant in terms of the strategies followed    in change management and relationship outcomes pertain to the result of the strategies. In organisation change management there are two types of approaches (Stroh, 2004). 1) Planned approach:         It is a  first approach which represents a variety of models descending from the practice of organisation. The main characteristics of this approach is that it places emphasis on process and deals with change over a significant period of time and follows holistic approach and it encourages  participations. 2) Emergent approach:    It is  second approach in the change management which recognises that highly dynamic environments demand more contingent methods that are more situational and where change strategies can be modified to achieve maximum fit with the ever changing environment. With this approach organisation can rely less on complete plans and  projections and build up instead an understanding of the complexities and the issues concerned. 2.2 ORGANISATIONAL STRATEGY AND ORGANISATIONAL CULTURE: While managing a strategic change, there is too much dependency on the individuals at higher level in the organisation and the change agent may be a middle manager or a consultant who works along with the managers within an organisation (Johnson et al, 2008). According to Stranks(2005), change management has to take place in an organisation with a need to eradicate the stress caused at work because of change by maintaining effective communication of what is happening and this change should be well organised on a stage basis. Organisational culture seems to be more important while managing change. A cultural outlook on organisations offers insight into change barriers and how to overcome these barriers (Balogun and Hailey, 2004). 2.3 LITERATURE ON CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: Indo Italian chamber of commerce and industry (2008) clearly gave an overview of construction industry in India. It clearly explained that construction industry is an integral part of the economy and a conduit for a significant part of its growth investment and it is poised for growth on report of industrialization  economic development and rising people expectations for improved quality of living. This paper emphasizes on the financial criteria in Indian construction industry. This report told that construction is the second largest economic activity after the agriculture. This paper explains about what industry segments are and how many types of industrial  segment are there. It also gave a clear idea of how about in all round development of Indian economy. Finally this paper concluded that Indias booming infrastructure sector is fuelling demand for all types of construction equipment before booming the infrastructure development and construction equipments in real estate  se ctor done manually. Swarup (2007) mainly gave a brief description about the overview of practices being used in Indian construction industry and he also gave an idea about political, legal and social frame work and also explains the economic overview of administrative and regulatory features improvement and development of Indian construction industry. He also told about the globalization of construction services with outlook of WTO and GATS. And he also notified the opportunity and activity in the construction areas where he relied on the usage of PPP models, type and extend use of international standard forms of contracts and its administration and certifications process. Generally, in this paper, he clearly  explained about Indian economic surroundings and several systems and procedures and also focused on further boost in construction industry which would provide the basic infrastructure for the nation as well for different industries. Manjrekar et al (n.d.) explained that in India, there are large numbers of buildings which are more than 40 to 50 years and which need to be renewed.   They also explained about the old and new structures in constructions. They mainly focused on the constructions of old and new building and what are the rules applicable for that. They also told that construction  chemicals have been used in large number of construction projects. They told that new construction projects market is also usual to enlarge the demand for construction chemicals. Within next few years, the construction market is expected to grow more than 30 percent. In most large scale construction, there is variety of construction  chemicals that will be used for designing. This paper also focused on the key issues and challenges this fledging industry faces and it also told about the desk research and field research. They explained about the construction industry turnover and rate of growth in construction industry from year 2002 to 2007. They emphasized on the outlook and potential of the Indian construction industry and also gave a light on the expenditure in construction structure and about different types of policies. They mainly focused on 2 main players in the market. They are Pidilite industries and Choksey chemicals and the growth strategies of these players have been evaluated.   It mainly compares the  development strategies engaged by these Indian firms in the current scenario and environment of operation. It also focused on analysis of the theoretical propositions in Indian context. Siddique (n.d.) gave a detailed description about Indian cement industry and utilization of fly ash and construction waste in construction related activities. He also told that if there is development in materials, it will affect the design and construction of facilities. These facilities are very important for the significant growth of any  nation. He also discussed about the topics like issues facing the technology of concrete materials, maintenance of construction facilities, quality, assurance, production, design. Finally, in this paper, he concluded that developments take place in construction industry India as well as potential advances anticipated in the next 10 years for the  concrete construction industry through substantial use of supplementary cement materials. Love et al (2000) presented a study on Total Quality Management (TQM) which is a means to any learning organisation. They felt that for the improvement of performance in construction industry there requires a cultural and behavioural transfer in the attitudes of the expert, academic and specialized organizations. They provided a theoretical model for any learning construction organisation. They notified that several organisations are looking for alternative means of supporting and allowing a learning society inside their organisations which allows the employees to make decisions and implement required changes. If construction organisations want to become learning organisation, then they should need to implement a change in culture and behaviour. They proposed a few number of dimensions that are to be taken into consideration for describing learning organisation as: a relation with the changed results and behaviour, difference between organisational and individual learning, identifica tion of the environment, deutro learning and double loop learning. Sattineni (2008) presented the recent changes in telecommunications sector for off-shoring structural design work in developing countries like India and china. He also mentioned in the paper that economic outsource is a key reason for this possibility to be realized and it is reasonable to be considered regarding the effects of outstanding in the design sector and its effect on the construction industry. He mainly explained about United States construction industry. The author conducted detailed interviews with principals in US structural design and then he travelled to Bangalore for a detailed interview with Indian counter parts. These results lead to the development of outsourcing  construction activities. He also discussed about the topics such as training, economics   and logistics and this document also identified three outsourcing models for   constructions companies namely Joint Ventura outsourcing, individual project outsourcing and global delivery off sourcing. Aouad et al (n.d.) explained about process map in construction sector where they told that construction industry has witnessed severe efforts in the last few years through the consideration of the implementation of new procurement systems and manufacturing philosophies. On the other hand, process maps which can help organisations  map their processes into some important structure are still missing. The product (building) is still the majorly focused one in construction. In the developed industry, most large organisations have process maps which can help them in ensuring the delivery of  products on time, within budget and to the right quality while capturing the best process practices. They also told that in construction industry, there are some labours to plan process maps such as the RIBA plan of work in the UK. This paper delivered that the process map based on principles is used in the developed  industry. Information was elicited from experts through a series of workshops and case studies. The results of few of these case studies, which have been used to assess the realism of implementing this process map on real life projects, are presented. Finally, they told that IT which needs to maintain and enable the effective implementation of the process map is clearly  explained and also demonstrated the process and manufacturing of construction process. Finally they focused on more holistic picture of design and construction procedure that can be known through the organisation of process and it capabilities. They also spoke about the usage of case studies for testing the practical implementation and also also  told about the problems occur during the implementation phase. Bandhyopadhyay et al (2008) focused on the stems partly from GOIs distress concerning the capacity of the road construction industry to deliver, and partly from the Banks growing need to recognize the impact of the expanded road investments on the industrys capacity in South Asia. The study attempts to  outline the entire gamut of problems and capacity constraints faced by Indias construction industry. It comes out with previous studies information and industry-wide stakeholder surveys and workshops and speaks about government initiatives and road development program. This paper suggested and felt that there is a huge gap between supply and demand for  improved roads. The domestic construction industry is not geared up to expectations demand. There is a need to bring new players into the field, both domestic and foreigner and they also suggested that  present contract procedures and requirements need major modifications as they do not encourage incorporation of scientific, labour and major innovations .They also provided key issues and strategies of the road construction industry in the past and future. HIS global insight (2009) gave an information and detailed description about the recent progress and future trends in the key sector of infrastructure which leads to prevent various opportunities for private sector. It also told about some of the key facts about countrys overall economic environment as well as legal and tax  systems. This paper gave some important information about Indian construction industry.   It clearly explained about how many other countries were spending on Indian construction and how much amount there are spending for non residential and residential construction in India.    This paper also told that Indian companies have very limited contact with large  markets such as Japan, United States and West Europe countries. This paper told one fact that Indian construction industry is highly uneven and this happened as there are no long term relations between contractors and clients in most of the projects. 2.4 LITERATURE ON CHANGE MANAGEMENT: Woodward (1997) provided the importance of project management and also the main features of this approach. They delivered some methods that are applicable to change management in any industry. They concerned mainly on the applications in construction industry and they also highlighted the techniques that are appropriate to practically all other businesses where a change has to be executed and managed. They covered all the issues by including distinctive examples that would consist of: the instigation of a new product, penetrating into new market, installing a new production line, putting into practice a new business policy, starting a new branch office, setting up a modified accounting system, systematizing a sports or charitable trust occasion, recruiting and instructing staff for a new enterprise, the creation of a new product and the testing of it, a company surrender or reorganizing and setting up and initiating new legislation. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister (2005) provided a report on the Local Government Pay and Workforce Strategy which mainly focused on the transforming of the authority to produce real and longing change. In order to adopt this change, Englands Local government should have imaginative leadership, organisational elasticity and resources facility to offer better services, higher efficiency and best customer focus. Organisations try to change the approach from organisational development to the change management, applying a strategy that effectively deal with development of skills and leadership, applying reviews of local pay having the same opinion of a salary form that bear improvement of service. Beer et al (1990) focused on the efficient corporate regeneration that initiates at the bottom through casual efforts to resolve business problems. They observed a situation where the change has to be incorporated to meet the challenges to which the banks conventional hierarchical organisati ons were ill-outfitted to act in response. There has to be extra care taken about who should direct the change attempt, what required changing, and how to go about implementing the change. Most of the companies are facing challenges with the changing marketplace and raised competition to develop their authority, recover market share and guarantee their endurance. Changes in approaches direct the changes in the individual attitude which results in the organisational changes. The most common problem with the most change programs is that they tackle only one or two of these three factors: coordination, commitment and competencies. They provided six steps to the efficient change: Organize assurance to change through joint verdict of business issues, establish a distributed vision of how to systematize and manage for competition, promote agreement for the new vision, ability to perform it, and consistency to move it alongside, broaden regeneration to all the departments, establishment of revitalization through formal structures, policies and systems and observe and regulate strategies responding to the problems in the regeneration process. They gave priority to the top managers in making the change in the entire organisation by generating a market to change, utilizing successfully regenerated units as the organisational replicas for the entire organisation and establishing career paths that support the development of leadership. They laid emphasis on the particularity of the mind set for change management which is difficult to be maintained in an atmosphere that pushes down for periodical earnings. 2.5 LITERATURE ON CHANGE MANAGEMENT IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY: Walker (2007) relied on a fact that management of construction projects seems to be a continuing challenge as the environment around which the projects are built increases in complication. He focuses mainly on the project management theory. Most of the construction projects are planned and designed in agreement with the previously developed process. But the project team must also consider the fact that changes might be incorporated in the middle of the project according to clients requirements and the change has to be managed. There should be a minimum knowledge in understanding the environment of client as flexibility needs to be maintained when there is a need to incorporate changes in the project. He clearly mentioned that this can be achieved only through the maintenance of up to date information about the clients requirements. Advancement in technology for any particular process can be taken as an example for this. He also stated that project team members should be aware of the changes that can be made and should be ready to explain them to the client consequently. Oracle (2009) mainly highlighted the best practices of identifying and managing the changes that may occur in any construction project and also provided a process to effectively manage changes in construction projects. It clearly  explained about the different types of project changes in construction sector such as directed changes, constructive changes, cardinal changes. It also explained in detail about the change management process and also explained that they are few steps to be followed in construction sector such as recognizing the contract requirements, identifying the  possible change and creating a potential change order file and determining privilege, measuring the effect of the change, and analysing the cost of the change, negotiating and executing the change order, maintaining complete records of the executed change. Like this, it gave an explanation for each and every step. It also explained different  methods for resolving change related construction disputes to avoid costly arbitration and mainly focused on the dispute resolution boards (DRBs) which are nonaligned authority consisting of three members as one preferred method. Choosing the board members can be performed in a number of ways; however, it is critical that the individuals are neutral and both the owner and the contractor  view each board member as individual balanced. Naturally, DRBs are empanelled at the project level and management of the DRB process is governed by the projects contract. Other dispute resolution procedures could escalate the dispute from the project level to a higher governmental level between the owners organization and the contractors organization,  before proceeding to an arbitration panel.   The terms used and contract documents referenced in this paper are geared towards usual design-bid-build public development projects, even though the basic principles are applicable to almost any construction project. It must be well-known that any change management procedure is only as effective as the participants ability to  communicate and

Pride Before the Fall Essay

It was once said by Abraham Lincoln, â€Å"Nearly all men can stand, but if you want to test a man’s character give him power. This quote helped me agree with John Acton Quote, â€Å"Power tends to corrupt, and absolute power corrupts absolutely†. Based on the fact that there is countless amounts of stories of people corrupting, from school principals to political leaders, power will corrupt. For my first example of corruption from power, is the story of a Middle School Principal. This Middle School principal was accused and found guilty to embezzling from her very own school. She was found embezzling over ten thousand dollars in things from dinner bills to electronics. This principal is for me a prime example of power corrupting because just cause she was in power she decided to take from what she was in charge of whether it was moral or not because she was in charge of the school and was only sentenced to four years in prison plus four years parole. Following was the example, which I thought was the most hypercritical, of ten Atlanta police officers. These ten police officers were being accused of corruption based on the fact that they were soliciting drugs. I thought thus to be major corruption because they only took the drugs because they were in uniforms and had supposed authority which they used for their own pleasure and benefits instead of what they were originally hired for which is the serve and protect. Finally was the example which came to me the quickest of a French man. This Frenchmans name was Maximillen de Robespierre most commonly known for being a major leader in the French revolution. Maximillen Robespierre was followed for his leadership skills but was once almost instantly corrupt when in power. What many people don’t know is that Robespierre was a reigning terrorist he used his power and his guillotine which he used in a combination to behead anyone who opposed him or his thoughts publically just to remain in power as long as he was able to.

Gender Discrimination on English Language

ABSTRACT Language plays an important role in society. As a phenomenon of society, language reflects all the sides of human society naturally. Sexism is a phenomenon that takes a male-as-norm attitude, trivializing, insulting or rendering women invisible. As a mirror reflecting the society, language images the social views and values. The causes of sexism in this thesis are not the language itself but due to the inequality between male and female in such areas as traditional culture, religious consciousness social status as well as social status.Language, which has a close relation with the society, could reflect the certain social custom and characteristic of a nation. In addition, social development and changes in turn will affect language and can input fresh blood to it. English, as one of the oldest languages, which has an extensive influence in the current world, has also experienced numerous impacts from the reforms and changes. These changes and trends constantly updated the us e of language as well.In the 1960s ,great changes have been made in modern English since the rise of the American feminist movement,namely, the women's liberation movement. That is, some of the original uses and meanings have been eliminated or become obsolete while some new expressions have emerged. On the one hand, it makes the English expressions and use more accurate, clear. On the other hand, however, it is hard to avoid bringing some new problems.The thesis summarizes the phenomena of sexism in English as well as traces the reasons for the occurrence of sexism in the English language. Then it concerns the feminist influence on language. The paper documents and discusses feminist language reform: the efforts, the initiatives and actions of feminists around the world to change the biased representation of the sexes in language Key Words: Sexism in language; Feminist movement; Language reform; Contents 0. Introduction†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ,,,,,,,,1 1.. Sexism in Language †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2 1. 1 The definition of language sexism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2 1. 2 The phenomenon of language sexism in English†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦6 1. 3The reason of language sexism in English†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 7 1. 3. 1The influence of socialized prejudice and traditional idea†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 1. 3. 2 The influence of religion consciousnessà ¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 7 1. 3. 3 The Psychological reason†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. The Development of the English Language Sexism viewed from the American Feminist Movements and its Effects†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2. 1 The influence of feminist movement on Language Sexism†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2. 3 The effects on English language after the language reform †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. 3 The Different Attitude towards the Reform of English Language Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦13 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦15 Acknowledgements†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 16

A Musical Called The Wonderful Wizard Of Oz With An All...

In 1974, a musical called The Wiz opened in Baltimore at the Morris A. Mechanic Theatre and on Broadway in 1975. The Wiz was an urbanized retelling of L. Frank Baum s The Wonderful Wizard of Oz with an all African-American cast placed within the context of 1960’s and 1970’s African-American society. The musical kept the rural Kansas setting and agrarian Oz as well as many of the other central plot devices from the novel. In 1978 Motown released a movie loosely based on the musical which starred Diana Ross as Dorothy, Michael Jackson as the Scarecrow, Nipsey Russell as the Tinman, and Ted Ross as the Cowardly Lion. The movie moved the story from Kansas to Harlem and Oz to fantastical dystopian version of New York City. The Wiz has several female characters that are central to the storyline: Aunt Em, Miss One the Good Witch of the North, Evillene the Wicked Witch of the West, Evamean the Wicked Witch of the East, Glinda the Good Witch of the South, and Dorothy. All of them except for Dorothy are representative of some form of the motherly family-oriented place African-American woman hold in society. Dorothy represents a new type of female role for African-American woman in society, one that is independent and has choices about what role she wants to play in society. This paper argues that Motown’s production of The Wiz shows the creation of a new role for black women in society, one independent from the motherly family-oriented role society previously expected of them. TheShow MoreRelatedThe Studio System Essay14396 Words   |  58 Pagesscreen, and its audience it must go through a three stage process. Firstly and most obviously it has to be produced, following this it must then be distributed, and finally exhibited. Before the introduction of the studio system in the 1920s all of these processes were controlled separately. Although this gave the makers of films, such as directors and producers, room to express their creativity it placed a heavy constraint upon the amount of movies that could be made, and financialRead MoreLena Horne9265 Words   |  38 Pagesoccasionally on Broadway, including in her own Tony-winning one-woman show, Lena Horne: The Lady and Her Music in 1981-1982; and she sang and acted on radio and television. Adding to the challenge of maintaining such a career was her position as an African-American facing discrimination personally and in her profession during a period of enormous social change in the U.S. Her first job in the 1930s was at the Cotton Club, where blacks could perform, but not be admitted as customers; by 1969, when she acted